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[Music]

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hi we're the shainers and we're

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hi i'm matt and i'm at the south pole

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hi i'm matt here at the south pole

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ciao in italian

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i'm matt and i'm here at the south pole

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celebrating the moon

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hi this is mark i'm at the south pole

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i'm focusing on the moon because

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human will be expanding the area of

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activity in the near future

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i have been supporting it from the

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aspect of running site analysis using

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observation data

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let's look up the moon and imagine

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humans working there again

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hi my name is josh i work for ice cube

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here at the south pole and i'm super

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hi i'm danielle i'm here at the south

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phill and i'm really excited to

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celebrate the moon

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hi

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i'm frank sinkwoods engineer for the

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micro observatory telescopes robotic

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telescopes that you can use

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to observe the moon so join me

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at microobservatory.org

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clear skies

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i'm brandon i'm in the south pole and

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i'm super excited to celebrate

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hi my name is alyssa i'm here at the

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south pole and i'm super excited to

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here it is gianluca massey from the

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virtual telescope project i really love

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looking at the moon from rome italy

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where i live with our satellite showing

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together with the beautiful legendary

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monuments of the eternal city and for

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sure i will do the same during the

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hi i'm andrea and i'm alexandra

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[Music]

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hi everyone

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[Music]

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hello my name is alexandra matthia novak

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and i'm a planetary geologist at johns

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hopkins applied physics laboratory i

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have a phd in geology so i love talking

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about the moon and the many fascinating

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geological features we will be looking

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at tonight we are so excited to be here

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to celebrate internationals through the

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midnight with you

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international night is a day each

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[Music]

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and also to connect with lunar

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enthusiasts around the world

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[Music]

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or you can join an event there are

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events all over the world today

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[Music]

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that you were able to go outside

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[Music]

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memory of the moons we want you to be

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creative and we are so glad that you're

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this program was inspired by the

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interest in large public events we held

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in 2009 when asked as lunar

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reconnaissance orbiter and lunar creator

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observing and sensing satellite arrived

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at the moon

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lro has continued to support this

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program and we also have support from

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nasa's goddard space flight center nasa

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headquarters nasa colleagues across the

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agency and program supporters hosts and

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we have so many things to share with you

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today

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and so much more on our website

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by participating in this broadcast

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[Music]

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as andrea said you are participating

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in international observers of unite by

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[Music]

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all right let's see at our first tweet

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from social

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it's tonight we have dr aldrin who is

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joining us for observing the night

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[Music]

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using the hashtag observe the moon and

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here we can see some moon observations

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from rome italy oh my goodness look at

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that beautiful

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sky this whole moon in the sky this is

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and next up we have some awesome images

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from japan and we love our japanese

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colleagues they have done an awesome job

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helping us explore the moon and we're so

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appreciative of all the work at jaxa and

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here's some really cool images of some

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of the spacecraft that japan has flown

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wow

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the world are participating so this is

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from just a little while ago

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and we can see that more and more people

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and yes we do like your moon painting it

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is so beautiful and creative and a

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wonderful reminder of how looking at the

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moon makes all of us feel some awesome

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emotions and creativity that we can all

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so keep letting us know keep sharing

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your stories and um

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also send us those questions we have a

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team of amina experts standing by to

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answer your questions on social media

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and alexandra will answer some of them

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so

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when you go to our website as well you

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can also find um our moon maps so each

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day sorry each year we make moon maps

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for this particular day

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and you can find them

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on loon.nasa.gov under our resources

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these are moon maps that brian day and

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jen baer from nasa ames make each year

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for the phase that the moon is in right

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now and this year brian also made some

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incredible flyovers of the different

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maps as well from the highlighted sites

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and we are going to share a few of those

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with you here today and let's start with

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sinusoidal the bay of rainbows is a bay

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along the northwest edge of mare imbrium

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this 260 kilometer wide craters floor

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was flooded with lava along with the

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imbrium basin

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its north and west rim forms the jura

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mountains

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now for a special guest we're back thank

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you so much now for a special guest john

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beauveir is joining us to give us an

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extraordinary view of the moon john

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it's going really well thank you so much

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all right

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we are going to be joining john in just

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a few minutes we were having some

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technical difficulties here sorry about

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that but john is from slu and he's going

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to be showing us views from around the

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world

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from telescopes that he works with in

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chile and in other places as well so

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it's going to be really really neat to

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see what the moon looks like at this

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thank you so much andrea and dr matia

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novak and greetings are you as excited

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as i am to observe the moon together all

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as one global community well i'm over

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the moon well not literally my name is

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dr john h povarin i'm the director of

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curriculum at slu a community of

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students educators and astronomers

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sharing their knowledge and discoveries

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of the universe using an arsenal of

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powerful robotic telescopes at premier

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observatories in both hemispheres slu

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provides a direct means for students to

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connect with the universe and fosters a

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collaborative citizen science for the

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next generation

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there are learning activities called

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quests to embark on and discover the

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secrets behind some of the universe's

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biggest mysteries while capturing images

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with slew's suite of telescopes such as

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the canary one half meter telescope that

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we're looking through right now

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i'm speaking to you all from las vegas

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nevada but tonight you are celebrating

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the this year's international observe

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the moon night with live views of the

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waxing gibbous moon from slough's

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flagship observatory at the institute of

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astrophysics of the canary islands

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located on the island of tinariff on the

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northwestern coast of africa and later

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on we'll check out the moon from our

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southern hemisphere observatory in la

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tahisa chile in association with the

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catholic university of chile

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we're looking through canary one half

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meter telescope which is my favorite one

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for capturing the moon

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now it's still too bright and chilly at

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this very moment so we'll check out the

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moon with our chilean telescopes later

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on in the hour

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but

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before we go i want to uh i want us to

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peek through one more telescope

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this is the

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this is canary 4 solar system telescope

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this telescope lets us zoom in on the

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lunar surface and see it in exquisite

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detail wow what a gorgeous moon we hope

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you enjoy the lunar views throughout the

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evening oh i want to give a shout out to

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anybody who knows a teacher or educator

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or knows a parent of a child who is at

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school basically anybody in education if

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you know anybody in education or related

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to someone who knows somebody in

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education please hop on over to slu.org

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slu.org has free student accounts for

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classrooms and light polluted areas

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ready and waiting to connect your

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students with the stars this grant aims

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to help one million students nationwide

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experience the wonder of space from

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their classrooms and home computers it's

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a very ambitious goal but you know the

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same if you shoot for the moon and miss

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you'll land among the stars you can

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learn more about the space exploration

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grant at slu.org what's more is you can

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come and get free professional

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development to learn how to use the

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platform in your classes and sections oh

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it's time for our second social media

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check-in so back to you dr metia novak

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thank you so much john now let's check

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in with how you are observing the moon

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let us know by sharing your pictures and

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sending us your questions using the

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hashtag observe the moon on whatever

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social media platform you like to use

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let's look at some ways people are

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observing the moon around the world

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oh this is beautiful from brazil oh my

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goodness i love how the sky looks with

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the

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and this is a beautiful picture of a

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view from the moon from italy thank you

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so much paolo for sending us this

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picture we love all the different

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perspectives and ways that we can view

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well i love

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having a little trouble seeing this one

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but i'm thinking that we're seeing oh a

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daughter and um someone else observing

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the moon in a light polluted sky that's

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incredible that's one of the reasons i

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love observing the moon so much is that

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you can see it even in some really

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bright cities as well as those beautiful

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dark skies far away from the city so i'm

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so glad so many of you are joining us

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this is great

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of course a shout out to our

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planetariums we have joining us the

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south carolina state museum

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virtual planetarium sky tours so

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beautiful image of the moon thank you so

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much to planetariums for keeping

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and now we're going to check out another

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place on the moon with brian day from

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copernicus is a magnificent 93 kilometer

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diameter crater with terraced walls a

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flat floor and a group of central peaks

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towering thousand two hundred meters

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above the floor

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the crater is over three thousand seven

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[Music]

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do

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[Music]

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i love that activity

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and we are in the midst of a very

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exciting time for lunar science and

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exploration we have an orbiter at the

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moon right now that is helping us better

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understand the moon's surface and its

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environment we're sending new

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instruments to the moon with commercial

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partners

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and we are preparing to return to the

285
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moon with people through our artemis

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program let's learn more about why we're

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going back to the moon and what we're

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doing to prepare

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00:23:06,950 --> 00:23:03,919
we

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the history of this agency is marked

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00:23:14,789 --> 00:23:12,799
with broken barriers once viewed as

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impossible

293
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with science fiction turned reality

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with innovations that have spun

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00:23:25,669 --> 00:23:23,520
industries all their own

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and with demonstrations

297
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we soar in the skies of our home planet

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we maintain a human presence just

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outside of gravity

300
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and we touch points all across the solar

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system and beyond

302
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we're going back to the moon

303
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and this is why

304
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[Music]

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the moon is a treasure trove of science

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00:23:59,669 --> 00:23:56,799
it holds opportunities for us to make

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discoveries about our home planet about

308
00:24:03,990 --> 00:24:02,400
our sun and about our solar system

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the wealth of knowledge to be gleaned

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00:24:08,789 --> 00:24:05,919
from the moon will inspire a new

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generation of thought and action without

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fail every major program and mission

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nasa has invested in has led to

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00:24:16,950 --> 00:24:15,520
technologies and capabilities that have

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shaped our culture

316
00:24:21,190 --> 00:24:18,960
the breakthroughs of the artemis era

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will define our generation and the

318
00:24:25,350 --> 00:24:23,120
generations to follow

319
00:24:27,669 --> 00:24:25,360
the tens of thousands of jobs associated

320
00:24:30,070 --> 00:24:27,679
with propelling us to the moon today are

321
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just the beginning of a lunar economy

322
00:24:35,190 --> 00:24:32,240
that will see hundreds of thousands of

323
00:24:37,430 --> 00:24:35,200
new jobs develop around the world this

324
00:24:39,830 --> 00:24:37,440
is not an ambition of one entity or one

325
00:24:41,110 --> 00:24:39,840
country the exploration of the moon is a

326
00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:41,120
shared effort

327
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woven together by a desire for the

328
00:24:46,630 --> 00:24:44,480
greater good

329
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why the moon because the missions of

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tomorrow will be sparked by the

331
00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:50,720
accomplishments of the artemis

332
00:24:54,950 --> 00:24:52,480
generation today

333
00:24:56,230 --> 00:24:54,960
because the ambition to go has already

334
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begun

335
00:24:59,590 --> 00:24:58,240
and because mars is calling we need to

336
00:25:01,909 --> 00:24:59,600
learn what it takes to establish

337
00:25:06,230 --> 00:25:01,919
community on another cosmic shore

338
00:25:07,430 --> 00:25:06,240
so let's camp close before pushing out

339
00:25:10,070 --> 00:25:07,440
and so

340
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we go to the moon now not as a series of

341
00:25:20,230 --> 00:25:16,710
but to build a community on and around

342
00:25:22,470 --> 00:25:20,240
the moon capable of proving how to live

343
00:25:27,190 --> 00:25:22,480
on other worlds

344
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[Music]

345
00:25:31,590 --> 00:25:29,200
we'll use the lessons for more than 50

346
00:25:33,669 --> 00:25:31,600
years of peaceful exploration

347
00:25:35,990 --> 00:25:33,679
to send a new generation to the lunar

348
00:25:37,750 --> 00:25:36,000
surface to stay we will anchor our

349
00:25:39,750 --> 00:25:37,760
efforts on the lunar south pole to

350
00:25:42,070 --> 00:25:39,760
establish the artemis-based camp

351
00:25:44,710 --> 00:25:42,080
positioning us for long-term science and

352
00:25:46,950 --> 00:25:44,720
exploration of the lunar surface

353
00:25:49,590 --> 00:25:46,960
we will prove what it takes to assemble

354
00:25:52,549 --> 00:25:49,600
a complex ship in deep space

355
00:25:55,190 --> 00:25:52,559
we will perfect descending downtube and

356
00:25:57,669 --> 00:25:55,200
returning from a distance

357
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we will learn how humans can survive and

358
00:26:02,630 --> 00:26:00,559
thrive in a partial gravity environment

359
00:26:04,950 --> 00:26:02,640
with improved spacesuit designs mobile

360
00:26:07,669 --> 00:26:04,960
habitats and with reconnaissance robots

361
00:26:09,029 --> 00:26:07,679
pre-positioning and relocating supplies

362
00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:09,039
we will learn how to utilize the

363
00:26:13,110 --> 00:26:11,440
resources we find on these other worlds

364
00:26:15,190 --> 00:26:13,120
starting with finding water ice and

365
00:26:17,590 --> 00:26:15,200
purifying it to drinkable water and

366
00:26:19,269 --> 00:26:17,600
refining that into hydrogen for fuel and

367
00:26:21,990 --> 00:26:19,279
oxygen to breathe

368
00:26:24,310 --> 00:26:22,000
we will establish fission power plants

369
00:26:26,149 --> 00:26:24,320
on the surface of the moon capable of

370
00:26:27,190 --> 00:26:26,159
supporting a growing community of

371
00:26:29,350 --> 00:26:27,200
efforts

372
00:26:31,190 --> 00:26:29,360
and we will expand the logistics supply

373
00:26:33,750 --> 00:26:31,200
chain to enable commercial and

374
00:26:37,990 --> 00:26:33,760
international partners to resupply and

375
00:26:40,310 --> 00:26:38,000
refuel deep space outposts

376
00:26:41,990 --> 00:26:40,320
none of this is simple

377
00:26:44,789 --> 00:26:42,000
or easy

378
00:26:47,029 --> 00:26:44,799
but nothing in our history ever has been

379
00:26:48,870 --> 00:26:47,039
the angel has landed we got a bunch of

380
00:26:50,630 --> 00:26:48,880
guys about to turn blue we're breathing

381
00:26:53,029 --> 00:26:50,640
again

382
00:26:55,830 --> 00:26:53,039
this kind of continuous lunar presence

383
00:26:59,190 --> 00:26:55,840
is a natural extension of all that we've

384
00:27:01,750 --> 00:26:59,200
learned in low earth orbit

385
00:27:04,870 --> 00:27:01,760
and what we will accomplish there will

386
00:27:07,750 --> 00:27:04,880
ensure the monumental missions to mars

387
00:27:10,630 --> 00:27:07,760
are within reach

388
00:27:12,549 --> 00:27:10,640
as we ready the launch of the first

389
00:27:14,710 --> 00:27:12,559
artemis mission

390
00:27:17,510 --> 00:27:14,720
and as commercial companies ready their

391
00:27:19,590 --> 00:27:17,520
lunar landers for the first private

392
00:27:20,789 --> 00:27:19,600
payload deliveries

393
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:20,799
we

394
00:27:26,890 --> 00:27:23,120
have already begun

395
00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:26,900
to take the next step

396
00:27:39,190 --> 00:27:37,830
the moon south pole is a fascinating

397
00:27:40,870 --> 00:27:39,200
region to study

398
00:27:42,950 --> 00:27:40,880
especially when you pay attention to the

399
00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:42,960
areas that are in sunlight and darkness

400
00:27:52,070 --> 00:27:45,490
over time

401
00:27:55,430 --> 00:27:53,269
and thanks to nasa's lunar

402
00:27:56,950 --> 00:27:55,440
reconnaissance orbiter we can zoom in

403
00:27:59,110 --> 00:27:56,960
for an extremely close view of the

404
00:28:01,070 --> 00:27:59,120
terrain that shows how the sun shines on

405
00:28:05,990 --> 00:28:01,080
the south pole

406
00:28:08,070 --> 00:28:06,000
[Music]

407
00:28:09,990 --> 00:28:08,080
here you see how the moon's topography

408
00:28:12,549 --> 00:28:10,000
creates areas of shadows over the course

409
00:28:19,530 --> 00:28:12,559
of two lunar days which is equal to two

410
00:28:22,630 --> 00:28:20,789
[Music]

411
00:28:24,870 --> 00:28:22,640
the flowing dance of sunlight and shadow

412
00:28:27,269 --> 00:28:24,880
on the surface reveals areas that exist

413
00:28:29,590 --> 00:28:27,279
in permanent darkness nearly persistent

414
00:28:32,390 --> 00:28:29,600
sunshine and others where the balance of

415
00:28:39,190 --> 00:28:32,400
light and dark fluctuates through time

416
00:28:41,269 --> 00:28:39,200
[Music]

417
00:28:43,110 --> 00:28:41,279
studying the shadows at the south pole

418
00:28:45,029 --> 00:28:43,120
informs scientists about the temperature

419
00:28:46,950 --> 00:28:45,039
at and below the surface

420
00:28:48,389 --> 00:28:46,960
and the possibilities regarding water

421
00:28:50,470 --> 00:28:48,399
and other volatiles

422
00:28:59,830 --> 00:28:50,480
all of which sheds light on what future

423
00:29:03,430 --> 00:29:01,590
i'm ernie wright i work in the

424
00:29:05,669 --> 00:29:03,440
scientific visualization studio at

425
00:29:07,750 --> 00:29:05,679
nasa's goddard space flight center

426
00:29:09,990 --> 00:29:07,760
we're looking at a computer model of the

427
00:29:11,750 --> 00:29:10,000
view at the south pole of the moon

428
00:29:13,430 --> 00:29:11,760
this is like a time lapse to show the

429
00:29:16,230 --> 00:29:13,440
motion of the sun and the earth and how

430
00:29:18,149 --> 00:29:16,240
the shadows change over time

431
00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:18,159
things don't rise and set in the usual

432
00:29:23,029 --> 00:29:20,640
way here the sun travels around the

433
00:29:25,110 --> 00:29:23,039
horizon never getting more than a degree

434
00:29:27,669 --> 00:29:25,120
and a half above or below it so there

435
00:29:29,750 --> 00:29:27,679
are always these long shadows

436
00:29:32,310 --> 00:29:29,760
and from here the earth appears to be

437
00:29:35,430 --> 00:29:32,320
upside down and rotating backwards but

438
00:29:36,789 --> 00:29:35,440
that's just because of our point of view

439
00:29:37,990 --> 00:29:36,799
the earth doesn't move much in the

440
00:29:39,990 --> 00:29:38,000
moon's sky

441
00:29:41,909 --> 00:29:40,000
it's always in roughly the same place

442
00:29:43,269 --> 00:29:41,919
just sort of bobbing around

443
00:29:45,029 --> 00:29:43,279
that's true everywhere on the near side

444
00:29:46,549 --> 00:29:45,039
of the road it's a consequence of the

445
00:29:48,549 --> 00:29:46,559
moon always pointing the same face

446
00:29:50,630 --> 00:29:48,559
toward earth

447
00:29:51,909 --> 00:29:50,640
it takes about a month for the sun to

448
00:29:54,789 --> 00:29:51,919
make a complete circuit around the

449
00:29:57,909 --> 00:29:54,799
horizon and every so often it'll pass

450
00:29:59,510 --> 00:29:57,919
behind the earth creating an eclipse

451
00:30:02,070 --> 00:29:59,520
i've slowed down time here a little so

452
00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:02,080
that it's easier to see

453
00:30:06,149 --> 00:30:04,080
on earth that would be a total lunar

454
00:30:08,630 --> 00:30:06,159
eclipse of the moon passing through the

455
00:30:10,630 --> 00:30:08,640
shadow cast by the earth but if you're

456
00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:10,640
standing on the moon it's an eclipse of

457
00:30:14,149 --> 00:30:12,720
the sun

458
00:30:16,549 --> 00:30:14,159
the terrain at the south pole is

459
00:30:18,470 --> 00:30:16,559
especially rugged the rim of shackles

460
00:30:20,549 --> 00:30:18,480
and craters in the foreground here and

461
00:30:22,630 --> 00:30:20,559
the mountain off on the horizon

462
00:30:25,430 --> 00:30:22,640
unofficially known as mons malapur it's

463
00:30:27,269 --> 00:30:25,440
about 85 miles away

464
00:30:29,430 --> 00:30:27,279
shackle and crater is about 13 miles

465
00:30:32,149 --> 00:30:29,440
wide not quite as wide as the grand

466
00:30:34,149 --> 00:30:32,159
canyon but it's twice as deep

467
00:30:36,310 --> 00:30:34,159
sunlight never reaches the crater floor

468
00:30:40,230 --> 00:30:36,320
so temperatures there are around 300

469
00:30:43,909 --> 00:30:41,669
this model of the terrain is made

470
00:30:45,669 --> 00:30:43,919
possible by lunar reconnaissance orbiter

471
00:30:49,830 --> 00:30:45,679
which has been mapping the surface of

472
00:30:51,590 --> 00:30:49,840
the moon from lunar orbit since 2009.

473
00:30:53,909 --> 00:30:51,600
maps will be incredibly important for

474
00:31:00,690 --> 00:30:53,919
exploring the moon and locating water

475
00:31:00,700 --> 00:31:06,230
[Music]

476
00:31:10,549 --> 00:31:08,549
watching apollo footage of astronauts

477
00:31:12,710 --> 00:31:10,559
doing geology on the surface of the moon

478
00:31:15,190 --> 00:31:12,720
is a really great way to think about

479
00:31:18,310 --> 00:31:15,200
preparing for artemis for putting people

480
00:31:20,870 --> 00:31:18,320
on the lunar surface once again

481
00:31:22,389 --> 00:31:20,880
we learn a lot in how they did science

482
00:31:24,149 --> 00:31:22,399
operations on the moon and what it's

483
00:31:26,389 --> 00:31:24,159
like to work on the moon you see them

484
00:31:28,470 --> 00:31:26,399
doing geology you see them taking rock

485
00:31:30,630 --> 00:31:28,480
samples putting in a drive tube to take

486
00:31:32,230 --> 00:31:30,640
a core sample you see them bouncing

487
00:31:34,630 --> 00:31:32,240
along the surface of the moon on the

488
00:31:37,350 --> 00:31:34,640
lunar rover that they used in apollo 15

489
00:31:39,110 --> 00:31:37,360
through 17. so it's a great way to help

490
00:31:40,950 --> 00:31:39,120
drive technology development for the

491
00:31:43,029 --> 00:31:40,960
next generation of spacesuits and

492
00:31:46,149 --> 00:31:43,039
geology sampling tools there's these

493
00:31:48,870 --> 00:31:46,159
facilities that help us train like we

494
00:31:52,710 --> 00:31:48,880
are on the lunar surface you know these

495
00:31:54,470 --> 00:31:52,720
1 6g offload systems or putting people

496
00:31:57,029 --> 00:31:54,480
in the aquatic environment are great

497
00:31:58,950 --> 00:31:57,039
ways to train the mobility part right

498
00:32:01,669 --> 00:31:58,960
like what can you do and how different

499
00:32:04,070 --> 00:32:01,679
does it feel to be in 1 6g and do these

500
00:32:06,710 --> 00:32:04,080
tasks we've been training astronauts in

501
00:32:09,029 --> 00:32:06,720
geology and geoscience for decades now

502
00:32:11,350 --> 00:32:09,039
the apollo astronauts had literally

503
00:32:13,190 --> 00:32:11,360
hundreds of hours of training in geology

504
00:32:14,870 --> 00:32:13,200
before they flew to the moon it's often

505
00:32:16,630 --> 00:32:14,880
said that the apollo astronauts had the

506
00:32:18,310 --> 00:32:16,640
equivalent of a master's degree in

507
00:32:19,110 --> 00:32:18,320
geology by the time they flew to the

508
00:32:21,110 --> 00:32:19,120
moon

509
00:32:23,110 --> 00:32:21,120
in the intervening decades since apollo

510
00:32:24,630 --> 00:32:23,120
we've been training astronauts who fly

511
00:32:26,549 --> 00:32:24,640
to the international space station

512
00:32:28,789 --> 00:32:26,559
because when they're on the iss they

513
00:32:30,630 --> 00:32:28,799
spend time observing the earth looking

514
00:32:32,549 --> 00:32:30,640
out the window taking pictures of what

515
00:32:34,310 --> 00:32:32,559
they see on the earth's surface now that

516
00:32:36,389 --> 00:32:34,320
we're looking at putting astronauts on

517
00:32:38,549 --> 00:32:36,399
the surface of the moon we also take

518
00:32:40,710 --> 00:32:38,559
them into the field we take them to

519
00:32:42,789 --> 00:32:40,720
field sites here on earth that resemble

520
00:32:44,549 --> 00:32:42,799
field sites that we expect them to see

521
00:32:46,310 --> 00:32:44,559
on the moon that's the reason why we

522
00:32:50,149 --> 00:32:46,320
take them out into places that are

523
00:32:52,230 --> 00:32:50,159
unique like volcanic landscapes or

524
00:32:54,310 --> 00:32:52,240
places that are analogous to the lunar

525
00:32:56,389 --> 00:32:54,320
surface to train them on the scale and

526
00:32:58,789 --> 00:32:56,399
fidelity of science that you just can't

527
00:33:00,789 --> 00:32:58,799
recreate in these facilities and so by

528
00:33:02,789 --> 00:33:00,799
combining this classroom and field

529
00:33:04,789 --> 00:33:02,799
training we're able to prep them for

530
00:33:06,549 --> 00:33:04,799
fundamentals of geology the major

531
00:33:08,230 --> 00:33:06,559
driving lunar science questions that we

532
00:33:10,389 --> 00:33:08,240
have that we hope to address with the

533
00:33:12,230 --> 00:33:10,399
artemis program and teaching them how to

534
00:33:15,190 --> 00:33:12,240
do field work in relevant analog

535
00:33:17,669 --> 00:33:15,200
environments for just science aspects of

536
00:33:19,990 --> 00:33:17,679
developing new spacesuits can it get you

537
00:33:22,470 --> 00:33:20,000
to where you need to go and then once

538
00:33:24,789 --> 00:33:22,480
you get there can you do the cool

539
00:33:27,190 --> 00:33:24,799
science that you need to do and so

540
00:33:28,870 --> 00:33:27,200
that's can you move effectively and

541
00:33:31,830 --> 00:33:28,880
efficiently in the suit to be able to

542
00:33:33,990 --> 00:33:31,840
collect the samples or use the tools or

543
00:33:35,509 --> 00:33:34,000
the instruments for the visibility it's

544
00:33:38,070 --> 00:33:35,519
like can you make the necessary

545
00:33:40,070 --> 00:33:38,080
observations that you need to or does

546
00:33:42,149 --> 00:33:40,080
the suit have the lights on it that it

547
00:33:45,909 --> 00:33:42,159
needs to to illuminate the surface and

548
00:33:50,630 --> 00:33:48,470
the lunar south pole holds tremendous

549
00:33:52,870 --> 00:33:50,640
resources that are going to allow us to

550
00:33:54,549 --> 00:33:52,880
continue to explore this is this is a

551
00:33:56,470 --> 00:33:54,559
place that we've never been before

552
00:33:58,070 --> 00:33:56,480
there's so much to be learned from

553
00:34:00,710 --> 00:33:58,080
getting boots on the ground and

554
00:34:03,750 --> 00:34:00,720
exploring a unique place that challenges

555
00:34:06,630 --> 00:34:03,760
us as humans and also helps us develop

556
00:34:08,710 --> 00:34:06,640
technologies that make our everyday life

557
00:34:11,030 --> 00:34:08,720
that much better we think there might be

558
00:34:12,790 --> 00:34:11,040
volatiles present at the south pole by

559
00:34:14,790 --> 00:34:12,800
using these volatiles we'll be able to

560
00:34:16,869 --> 00:34:14,800
do things like create drinking water

561
00:34:18,550 --> 00:34:16,879
create rocket fuel to launch astronauts

562
00:34:20,550 --> 00:34:18,560
back to earth and so by harnessing the

563
00:34:22,389 --> 00:34:20,560
power of the land will be able to help

564
00:34:23,970 --> 00:34:22,399
astronauts establish that long-term

565
00:34:33,030 --> 00:34:23,980
sustainable presence

566
00:34:37,829 --> 00:34:35,270
it's human nature to explore pushing our

567
00:34:39,510 --> 00:34:37,839
boundaries and exploring our universe is

568
00:34:41,829 --> 00:34:39,520
i think just one of those things that's

569
00:34:43,669 --> 00:34:41,839
just stuck in our human nature and that

570
00:34:45,190 --> 00:34:43,679
we need to do it in order to understand

571
00:34:52,360 --> 00:34:45,200
the world around us

572
00:34:52,370 --> 00:34:58,870
[Music]

573
00:35:04,550 --> 00:35:02,230
wow that was so exciting and inspiring

574
00:35:06,310 --> 00:35:04,560
now the views tonight of tonight's moon

575
00:35:09,030 --> 00:35:06,320
through slu's canary four solar system

576
00:35:11,190 --> 00:35:09,040
telescope are pretty fantastic there is

577
00:35:12,790 --> 00:35:11,200
one spot that i love to point out to

578
00:35:14,630 --> 00:35:12,800
myself whenever i'm looking at our

579
00:35:16,630 --> 00:35:14,640
natural satellite both through a

580
00:35:18,950 --> 00:35:16,640
telescope or with the naked eye and it's

581
00:35:21,270 --> 00:35:18,960
where the first crewed mission landed

582
00:35:22,870 --> 00:35:21,280
neil armstrong and edwin buzz aldrin

583
00:35:25,750 --> 00:35:22,880
explored the lunar surface near the

584
00:35:28,550 --> 00:35:25,760
southwest corner of mare trancolotales

585
00:35:31,510 --> 00:35:28,560
during apollo 11. an easy way to spot it

586
00:35:33,190 --> 00:35:31,520
out is to look for the crater multik

587
00:35:36,150 --> 00:35:33,200
it's this one right here and a little

588
00:35:39,670 --> 00:35:36,160
bit away from this left thailand tip

589
00:35:41,510 --> 00:35:39,680
here is about where apollo 11 landed

590
00:35:47,829 --> 00:35:41,520
now it's time for another social media

591
00:35:47,839 --> 00:35:52,390
thanks john that was awesome

592
00:35:56,470 --> 00:35:54,470
now let's check in with you and your

593
00:36:00,390 --> 00:35:56,480
moon observations don't forget to use

594
00:36:04,790 --> 00:36:02,790
well it looks like we have a planetarium

595
00:36:07,109 --> 00:36:04,800
that's sharing uh information about the

596
00:36:09,270 --> 00:36:07,119
moon tonight so fantastic thank you so

597
00:36:14,230 --> 00:36:09,280
much for for getting out there and

598
00:36:19,510 --> 00:36:17,750
and more beautiful artwork showing the

599
00:36:21,030 --> 00:36:19,520
awesome things that we see in our sky

600
00:36:23,270 --> 00:36:21,040
including the moon and that looks like

601
00:36:24,790 --> 00:36:23,280
it might be the sun the relationship

602
00:36:26,390 --> 00:36:24,800
between the moon and the sun thank you

603
00:36:30,630 --> 00:36:26,400
so much

604
00:36:34,470 --> 00:36:32,710
wow this one's beautiful as well i feel

605
00:36:37,190 --> 00:36:34,480
like i could just hang that right up on

606
00:36:41,430 --> 00:36:37,200
my wall oh my goodness what a view thank

607
00:36:45,990 --> 00:36:44,390
wow beautiful pictures showing all the

608
00:36:48,230 --> 00:36:46,000
different ways that we see the moon up

609
00:36:50,470 --> 00:36:48,240
in our sky sometimes it's on a clear

610
00:36:54,390 --> 00:36:50,480
night sometimes it has some clouds in

611
00:36:56,630 --> 00:36:54,400
front of it to give it a little extra um

612
00:36:58,150 --> 00:36:56,640
spookiness maybe some people would say

613
00:37:00,150 --> 00:36:58,160
so thank you so much for all these

614
00:37:01,670 --> 00:37:00,160
beautiful pictures about of the moon we

615
00:37:03,589 --> 00:37:01,680
love looking at them

616
00:37:05,829 --> 00:37:03,599
yeah viewing the moon is my favorite too

617
00:37:07,910 --> 00:37:05,839
so this is this is so great oh and this

618
00:37:09,589 --> 00:37:07,920
is a great picture to demonstrate we

619
00:37:12,310 --> 00:37:09,599
really like to start with the moon and

620
00:37:14,550 --> 00:37:12,320
then keep exploring launch from the moon

621
00:37:16,470 --> 00:37:14,560
into you know whatever part of the sky

622
00:37:18,630 --> 00:37:16,480
that you want to also view so this is

623
00:37:21,190 --> 00:37:18,640
great we have saturn and jupiter and the

624
00:37:27,030 --> 00:37:21,200
moon all in one incredible thank you so

625
00:37:32,470 --> 00:37:29,030
and now we're going to take another look

626
00:37:35,109 --> 00:37:32,480
at the moon uh in our moon trek tours

627
00:37:38,310 --> 00:37:35,119
let's take a look most impact craters on

628
00:37:40,550 --> 00:37:38,320
the moon are quite circular in shape

629
00:37:42,710 --> 00:37:40,560
shiller is an exception

630
00:37:44,470 --> 00:37:42,720
it takes the form of a strongly

631
00:37:48,470 --> 00:37:44,480
elongated oval

632
00:37:51,030 --> 00:37:48,480
measuring 180 by 70 kilometers

633
00:37:53,910 --> 00:37:51,040
it was likely formed by the impact of an

634
00:37:54,870 --> 00:37:53,920
asteroid coming in at a very shallow

635
00:37:56,630 --> 00:37:54,880
angle

636
00:38:01,990 --> 00:37:56,640
and striking the ground nearly

637
00:38:06,069 --> 00:38:04,150
on international observe the moon night

638
00:38:08,710 --> 00:38:06,079
2021

639
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:08,720
we'll see the harbinger mountains just

640
00:38:14,470 --> 00:38:11,440
after they have experienced sunrise

641
00:38:17,109 --> 00:38:14,480
this small range measures about 95

642
00:38:19,109 --> 00:38:17,119
kilometers long and reaches heights of

643
00:38:22,150 --> 00:38:19,119
about two kilometers

644
00:38:25,640 --> 00:38:22,160
larger telescopes show volcanic vents

645
00:38:30,630 --> 00:38:25,650
and channels on the range's western edge

646
00:38:32,870 --> 00:38:30,640
[Music]

647
00:38:35,270 --> 00:38:32,880
most impact craters on the moon are

648
00:38:37,430 --> 00:38:35,280
quite circular in shape

649
00:38:39,589 --> 00:38:37,440
shiller is an exception

650
00:38:43,829 --> 00:38:39,599
it takes the form of a strongly

651
00:38:45,430 --> 00:38:43,839
elongated oval measuring 180 by 70

652
00:38:47,910 --> 00:38:45,440
kilometers

653
00:38:50,790 --> 00:38:47,920
it was likely formed by the impact of an

654
00:38:51,750 --> 00:38:50,800
asteroid coming in at a very shallow

655
00:38:53,510 --> 00:38:51,760
angle

656
00:39:01,910 --> 00:38:53,520
and striking the ground nearly

657
00:39:06,630 --> 00:39:05,030
wonderful what a beautiful view so

658
00:39:08,550 --> 00:39:06,640
international observant night is

659
00:39:10,710 --> 00:39:08,560
certainly a time for science but it's

660
00:39:12,790 --> 00:39:10,720
also a time to honor our personal and

661
00:39:15,589 --> 00:39:12,800
cultural connections to the moon the

662
00:39:17,589 --> 00:39:15,599
moon is woven into our language and into

663
00:39:20,390 --> 00:39:17,599
cultures around the world we're going to

664
00:39:21,670 --> 00:39:20,400
show you one example here today and we

665
00:39:23,349 --> 00:39:21,680
hope that you

666
00:39:25,190 --> 00:39:23,359
try to learn more about the moon in your

667
00:39:37,990 --> 00:39:25,200
own culture and other cultures around

668
00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:49,710
incan story about the moon

669
00:39:49,720 --> 00:39:54,150
[Music]

670
00:40:00,069 --> 00:39:57,510
hello dr john bover from slu again

671
00:40:02,390 --> 00:40:00,079
next an educator and slew ambassador

672
00:40:05,430 --> 00:40:02,400
milton villarreal will share an inca

673
00:40:08,630 --> 00:40:05,440
myth about our moon titled las lagrimas

674
00:40:11,349 --> 00:40:08,640
de plata de la luna inca or in english

675
00:40:14,790 --> 00:40:11,359
the silver teardrops of the inca moon

676
00:40:14,800 --> 00:40:20,309
las lagrimas de plata de la luna

677
00:40:20,319 --> 00:40:50,309
de los muchos mitosis

678
00:42:46,680 --> 00:42:28,470
a

679
00:42:46,690 --> 00:42:53,670
[Music]

680
00:43:00,390 --> 00:42:57,750
wow thank you so much melton

681
00:43:02,710 --> 00:43:00,400
slu.org has free student accounts for

682
00:43:04,870 --> 00:43:02,720
classrooms and light polluted areas to

683
00:43:09,240 --> 00:43:04,880
connect your students with the stars

684
00:43:09,250 --> 00:43:13,430
[Music]

685
00:43:17,589 --> 00:43:15,430
hello everyone we are the hillbilly

686
00:43:19,190 --> 00:43:17,599
inquirer from south africa and we are so

687
00:43:21,030 --> 00:43:19,200
excited to be celebrating the

688
00:43:22,140 --> 00:43:21,040
international observe the moon night

689
00:43:27,510 --> 00:43:22,150
with

690
00:43:27,520 --> 00:43:36,770
[Applause]

691
00:43:52,309 --> 00:43:42,410
[Music]

692
00:43:55,030 --> 00:43:52,319
i'll close my eyes and i can see

693
00:44:00,820 --> 00:43:55,040
a world that's

694
00:44:09,109 --> 00:44:06,950
[Music]

695
00:44:14,710 --> 00:44:09,119
been before

696
00:44:24,930 --> 00:44:17,430
they can say they can say it all sounds

697
00:44:24,940 --> 00:44:34,069
[Music]

698
00:44:41,080 --> 00:44:39,080
we can live in a world that we desire

699
00:44:43,349 --> 00:44:41,090
[Applause]

700
00:44:46,870 --> 00:44:43,359
[Music]

701
00:44:52,390 --> 00:44:46,880
the brightest colors fill my head a

702
00:45:18,150 --> 00:45:13,589
[Music]

703
00:45:23,030 --> 00:45:18,160
let me be part of it

704
00:45:28,120 --> 00:45:26,470
you may be right you may be wrong but

705
00:45:31,190 --> 00:45:28,130
say that you'll bring

706
00:45:41,050 --> 00:45:31,200
[Music]

707
00:45:49,910 --> 00:45:43,350
[Applause]

708
00:45:54,470 --> 00:45:49,920
[Music]

709
00:46:04,309 --> 00:45:54,480
a million dreams are keeping me away

710
00:46:08,510 --> 00:46:06,210
is

711
00:46:14,570 --> 00:46:08,520
[Applause]

712
00:46:18,790 --> 00:46:14,580
[Music]

713
00:46:21,270 --> 00:46:18,800
[Applause]

714
00:46:24,070 --> 00:46:21,280
over a million dreams for the world

715
00:46:46,790 --> 00:46:24,080
we're gonna make

716
00:46:46,800 --> 00:47:22,390
gascendi is a 110 kilometer diameter

717
00:47:26,309 --> 00:47:24,150
have you gone outside yet to catch the

718
00:47:28,390 --> 00:47:26,319
moon with your own eyes make sure you do

719
00:47:30,549 --> 00:47:28,400
that tonight to add a third vantage

720
00:47:32,069 --> 00:47:30,559
point to your celebration of the

721
00:47:35,109 --> 00:47:32,079
international observe the moon night

722
00:47:36,870 --> 00:47:35,119
2021 thank you so much for enjoying the

723
00:47:45,109 --> 00:47:36,880
live views of our nearest celestial

724
00:47:49,510 --> 00:47:47,430
oh thank you so much john it is really

725
00:47:51,349 --> 00:47:49,520
wonderful to explore the moon with you

726
00:47:53,270 --> 00:47:51,359
and around the world with you

727
00:47:55,349 --> 00:47:53,280
and now we're going to turn it over to

728
00:47:57,990 --> 00:47:55,359
you all out there we've been getting

729
00:48:00,230 --> 00:47:58,000
some great questions from you again you

730
00:48:01,829 --> 00:48:00,240
can still send them in using the hashtag

731
00:48:03,990 --> 00:48:01,839
observe the moon we're going to answer

732
00:48:06,390 --> 00:48:04,000
some on air and there are people waiting

733
00:48:09,270 --> 00:48:06,400
online to answer your questions as well

734
00:48:12,549 --> 00:48:09,280
so let's see alexandra let's get started

735
00:48:15,589 --> 00:48:12,559
yeah rolando on twitter would like to

736
00:48:19,109 --> 00:48:15,599
know he says my son nine years old wants

737
00:48:20,470 --> 00:48:19,119
to know what's at the center of our moon

738
00:48:22,230 --> 00:48:20,480
well that's a fantastic

739
00:48:24,230 --> 00:48:22,240
question and actually what's at the

740
00:48:25,750 --> 00:48:24,240
center of our moon is very similar to

741
00:48:27,430 --> 00:48:25,760
what's at the center of our earth and

742
00:48:30,470 --> 00:48:27,440
that's an iron core

743
00:48:32,790 --> 00:48:30,480
so structurally the moon is very similar

744
00:48:35,990 --> 00:48:32,800
to the earth it has an iron core and it

745
00:48:38,710 --> 00:48:36,000
has a somewhat warm middle mantle middle

746
00:48:40,710 --> 00:48:38,720
and then it's got a cold crust and now

747
00:48:43,670 --> 00:48:40,720
it's it's a lot smaller than the earth

748
00:48:45,109 --> 00:48:43,680
so the the structure the thicknesses of

749
00:48:47,030 --> 00:48:45,119
these materials are a little bit

750
00:48:48,950 --> 00:48:47,040
different but it's very similar and it

751
00:48:49,990 --> 00:48:48,960
does have an iron core much like the

752
00:48:53,109 --> 00:48:50,000
earth

753
00:48:54,549 --> 00:48:53,119
excellent okay now stella on twitter

754
00:48:57,990 --> 00:48:54,559
would like to know

755
00:49:00,230 --> 00:48:58,000
why are some craters circle shaped and

756
00:49:02,230 --> 00:49:00,240
others are oval shaped

757
00:49:04,390 --> 00:49:02,240
fantastic question well the simple

758
00:49:07,430 --> 00:49:04,400
answer for that is that the more

759
00:49:09,990 --> 00:49:07,440
circle-shaped craters are resulting from

760
00:49:12,390 --> 00:49:10,000
impacts that came in more at a

761
00:49:14,069 --> 00:49:12,400
straight-on angle to the surface whereas

762
00:49:16,870 --> 00:49:14,079
the ones the craters that are more

763
00:49:19,430 --> 00:49:16,880
elongated are from impactors that came

764
00:49:21,910 --> 00:49:19,440
in at a more oblique angle so at a more

765
00:49:23,750 --> 00:49:21,920
slanted angle to the surface of the moon

766
00:49:25,990 --> 00:49:23,760
and so the difference in those types of

767
00:49:28,470 --> 00:49:26,000
shapes actually tells us a lot of

768
00:49:31,430 --> 00:49:28,480
information about how that surface was

769
00:49:32,630 --> 00:49:31,440
impacted by whatever material impacted

770
00:49:34,870 --> 00:49:32,640
it

771
00:49:36,710 --> 00:49:34,880
excellent and i guess a related question

772
00:49:38,790 --> 00:49:36,720
here the nordford family on facebook

773
00:49:41,030 --> 00:49:38,800
would like to know how many craters are

774
00:49:42,790 --> 00:49:41,040
there on the moon oh wow well that's a

775
00:49:44,950 --> 00:49:42,800
great question and there really are more

776
00:49:47,030 --> 00:49:44,960
than we can count there's just craters

777
00:49:49,109 --> 00:49:47,040
all over the surface of the moon some

778
00:49:51,430 --> 00:49:49,119
areas have more craters than others

779
00:49:53,829 --> 00:49:51,440
usually the older areas have a lot more

780
00:49:54,870 --> 00:49:53,839
craters in younger areas but there are

781
00:49:56,950 --> 00:49:54,880
just

782
00:49:58,549 --> 00:49:56,960
a lot of craters thousands of craters

783
00:50:01,270 --> 00:49:58,559
all over the moon so i don't know that

784
00:50:03,750 --> 00:50:01,280
anyone's actually counted but there are

785
00:50:07,910 --> 00:50:05,990
excellent well a lot of people have a

786
00:50:09,430 --> 00:50:07,920
lot of questions about the moon now

787
00:50:11,589 --> 00:50:09,440
we're going to hear some more answers

788
00:50:14,230 --> 00:50:11,599
from nasa's lunar reconnaissance orbiter

789
00:50:18,520 --> 00:50:14,240
project scientist noah petro answering

790
00:50:18,530 --> 00:50:27,750
[Music]

791
00:50:31,589 --> 00:50:29,750
hi everyone i'm noah petro the project

792
00:50:33,190 --> 00:50:31,599
scientist of nasa's lunar reconnaissance

793
00:50:35,349 --> 00:50:33,200
orbiter spacecraft which has been at the

794
00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:35,359
moon for over a decade now sending back

795
00:50:39,270 --> 00:50:37,599
a treasure trove of data including some

796
00:50:40,549 --> 00:50:39,280
spectacular images

797
00:50:42,390 --> 00:50:40,559
take a look at that

798
00:50:44,069 --> 00:50:42,400
inevitably whenever nasa publishes a

799
00:50:45,750 --> 00:50:44,079
photo or releases a video of ours

800
00:50:47,670 --> 00:50:45,760
showing the lunar landscape we get

801
00:50:50,069 --> 00:50:47,680
emails tweets and online posts from

802
00:50:51,829 --> 00:50:50,079
viewers asking us to further explain

803
00:50:54,309 --> 00:50:51,839
some of the weird-looking visuals that

804
00:50:55,670 --> 00:50:54,319
they're seeing

805
00:50:57,349 --> 00:50:55,680
so today we're going to look at these

806
00:50:59,430 --> 00:50:57,359
strange and mysterious looking features

807
00:51:00,870 --> 00:50:59,440
on the moon to answer the question what

808
00:51:02,170 --> 00:51:00,880
the heck is that

809
00:51:04,870 --> 00:51:02,180
so let's launch into this

810
00:51:07,270 --> 00:51:04,880
[Music]

811
00:51:08,950 --> 00:51:07,280
in our video apollo 13 views of the moon

812
00:51:11,190 --> 00:51:08,960
many viewers wondered about this strange

813
00:51:13,349 --> 00:51:11,200
looking circle with dark lines so what

814
00:51:15,109 --> 00:51:13,359
the heck is that well for starters this

815
00:51:17,430 --> 00:51:15,119
is not the remnants of an ancient lake

816
00:51:18,870 --> 00:51:17,440
an apology is a sci-fi crowd it's not a

817
00:51:21,190 --> 00:51:18,880
secret moon base with runways or

818
00:51:23,270 --> 00:51:21,200
spacecraft this is a geological feature

819
00:51:24,950 --> 00:51:23,280
known as kamarav crater it's 80

820
00:51:26,470 --> 00:51:24,960
kilometers wide and it's on the far side

821
00:51:27,829 --> 00:51:26,480
of the moon on the edge of marie

822
00:51:29,510 --> 00:51:27,839
moscoviensi

823
00:51:31,270 --> 00:51:29,520
the floor is covered with a network of

824
00:51:33,829 --> 00:51:31,280
rills that make it look like sun-dried

825
00:51:36,790 --> 00:51:33,839
mud and it's a great example of a floor

826
00:51:39,030 --> 00:51:36,800
fracture crater or ffc so what made

827
00:51:41,190 --> 00:51:39,040
comrade look like that the leading idea

828
00:51:42,870 --> 00:51:41,200
among scientists is that sfcs are like

829
00:51:45,510 --> 00:51:42,880
volcanoes that didn't quite reach the

830
00:51:47,270 --> 00:51:45,520
surface an impactor hits the moon

831
00:51:49,030 --> 00:51:47,280
forming the crater and underneath the

832
00:51:51,430 --> 00:51:49,040
crater floor the impact creates a zone

833
00:51:53,349 --> 00:51:51,440
of broken rock called a brecha lens

834
00:51:54,790 --> 00:51:53,359
magma from deeper inside the moon rises

835
00:51:56,630 --> 00:51:54,800
into the cracks of the brechure lens but

836
00:51:58,069 --> 00:51:56,640
something stops it from getting all the

837
00:51:59,990 --> 00:51:58,079
way to the surface

838
00:52:02,069 --> 00:52:00,000
so it spreads out under the crater floor

839
00:52:04,150 --> 00:52:02,079
forming what's called a sill

840
00:52:06,069 --> 00:52:04,160
the magma and hot gases in the cell push

841
00:52:08,390 --> 00:52:06,079
on the crater floor from below causing

842
00:52:10,549 --> 00:52:08,400
it to bulge and fracture like the top of

843
00:52:13,349 --> 00:52:10,559
a cake in an oven the cracks you see are

844
00:52:15,030 --> 00:52:13,359
known as graben release the grubbin

845
00:52:16,630 --> 00:52:15,040
using data from the lunar reconnaissance

846
00:52:18,309 --> 00:52:16,640
orbiter scientists have catalogued over

847
00:52:21,109 --> 00:52:18,319
a hundred floor fractured craters just

848
00:52:23,030 --> 00:52:21,119
like camera they are fascinating works

849
00:52:24,549 --> 00:52:23,040
of nature from billions of years ago

850
00:52:26,150 --> 00:52:24,559
billions

851
00:52:28,309 --> 00:52:26,160
an image from the apollo 11 mission has

852
00:52:29,990 --> 00:52:28,319
gotten a lot of attention over the years

853
00:52:32,309 --> 00:52:30,000
here you see a pair of craters known as

854
00:52:33,829 --> 00:52:32,319
messier and messier a but they don't

855
00:52:35,910 --> 00:52:33,839
look like the more typical round craters

856
00:52:37,670 --> 00:52:35,920
that you see on the moon elro has taken

857
00:52:40,549 --> 00:52:37,680
even more high definition shots of these

858
00:52:42,549 --> 00:52:40,559
two sites showing us incredible detail

859
00:52:44,390 --> 00:52:42,559
these oval shapes and areas of ejected

860
00:52:45,910 --> 00:52:44,400
rock do look like they could belong in

861
00:52:47,910 --> 00:52:45,920
star wars is the crash site of the

862
00:52:49,109 --> 00:52:47,920
millennium falcon and actually the way

863
00:52:51,030 --> 00:52:49,119
you might imagine it seemed like that

864
00:52:52,870 --> 00:52:51,040
happening with an object slamming and

865
00:52:55,670 --> 00:52:52,880
then skipping across the surface is what

866
00:52:57,750 --> 00:52:55,680
took place here except with an asteroid

867
00:52:59,910 --> 00:52:57,760
you see at very low angles an incoming

868
00:53:01,829 --> 00:52:59,920
asteroid can actually become decapitated

869
00:53:03,750 --> 00:53:01,839
with the top part splitting off at the

870
00:53:05,750 --> 00:53:03,760
impact and either escaping back into

871
00:53:07,829 --> 00:53:05,760
space or skipping to form a second

872
00:53:09,109 --> 00:53:07,839
crater think of it like skipping a stone

873
00:53:10,870 --> 00:53:09,119
across the water

874
00:53:12,790 --> 00:53:10,880
both laboratory impact experiments and

875
00:53:15,030 --> 00:53:12,800
computer modeling have demonstrating the

876
00:53:17,109 --> 00:53:15,040
physical effects of the oblique impact a

877
00:53:19,430 --> 00:53:17,119
large asteroid on the moon and lro's

878
00:53:20,250 --> 00:53:19,440
data helps prove the formation of these

879
00:53:22,950 --> 00:53:20,260
unusual features

880
00:53:24,549 --> 00:53:22,960
[Music]

881
00:53:26,870 --> 00:53:24,559
scattered across the lunar surface are

882
00:53:28,230 --> 00:53:26,880
these long winding features which many

883
00:53:29,190 --> 00:53:28,240
viewers have correctly assumed are

884
00:53:31,270 --> 00:53:29,200
channels

885
00:53:32,470 --> 00:53:31,280
on the moon these are called rills

886
00:53:34,230 --> 00:53:32,480
there's a prominent one here on the

887
00:53:35,990 --> 00:53:34,240
aristarcus plateau and if you're

888
00:53:37,589 --> 00:53:36,000
comparing the visuals on the earth you

889
00:53:39,910 --> 00:53:37,599
might be tempted to think about long

890
00:53:41,829 --> 00:53:39,920
river canyons flowing in long sweeping

891
00:53:44,069 --> 00:53:41,839
manners like the mighty mississippi

892
00:53:45,670 --> 00:53:44,079
pouring out to the gulf of mexico and if

893
00:53:47,349 --> 00:53:45,680
that's what you're thinking

894
00:53:49,910 --> 00:53:47,359
erase it from your memory because it's

895
00:53:53,109 --> 00:53:51,430
now to be fair when these channels were

896
00:53:54,790 --> 00:53:53,119
observed on the moon for the first time

897
00:53:56,790 --> 00:53:54,800
there was an immediate thought that

898
00:53:58,549 --> 00:53:56,800
water may have carved these features

899
00:54:00,470 --> 00:53:58,559
but once we got actual samples from the

900
00:54:02,390 --> 00:54:00,480
moon combined with additional spacecraft

901
00:54:03,910 --> 00:54:02,400
data and studies over the years we've

902
00:54:06,230 --> 00:54:03,920
come to understand that there was never

903
00:54:08,309 --> 00:54:06,240
flowing water on the moon so what could

904
00:54:11,109 --> 00:54:08,319
carve these sweeping features

905
00:54:13,030 --> 00:54:11,119
if you said flowing liquid hot magma

906
00:54:15,990 --> 00:54:13,040
after erupted on the moon's surface

907
00:54:18,309 --> 00:54:16,000
you'd be correct winner when lava flows

908
00:54:21,109 --> 00:54:18,319
across the surface it erodes the crust

909
00:54:23,270 --> 00:54:21,119
and slowly flows as it bends and turns

910
00:54:24,950 --> 00:54:23,280
forming these beautiful channels we have

911
00:54:26,470 --> 00:54:24,960
a great view of this in our rima prince

912
00:54:28,390 --> 00:54:26,480
visualization

913
00:54:30,069 --> 00:54:28,400
here you see a long channel where lava

914
00:54:31,190 --> 00:54:30,079
once flowed from the vera volcanic

915
00:54:32,950 --> 00:54:31,200
depression

916
00:54:35,430 --> 00:54:32,960
eruptions of lava fountains formed a

917
00:54:37,510 --> 00:54:35,440
lake of lava 300 meters deep and carved

918
00:54:39,589 --> 00:54:37,520
a lava channel 100 times deeper than

919
00:54:41,349 --> 00:54:39,599
anything found on the earth these types

920
00:54:43,430 --> 00:54:41,359
of features were so compelling that the

921
00:54:46,390 --> 00:54:43,440
apollo 15 mission went and explored one

922
00:54:47,829 --> 00:54:46,400
in 1971 known as the happy real

923
00:54:49,349 --> 00:54:47,839
future explorers may want to visit

924
00:54:52,470 --> 00:54:49,359
others but they should leave their

925
00:54:54,630 --> 00:54:52,480
fishing lines at home

926
00:54:56,630 --> 00:54:54,640
this visual is one of our most popular

927
00:54:58,789 --> 00:54:56,640
this is a picture of taiko crater and

928
00:55:01,190 --> 00:54:58,799
the famous central peak boulder which is

929
00:55:03,750 --> 00:55:01,200
about 400 feet wide and that's longer

930
00:55:05,510 --> 00:55:03,760
than a football field

931
00:55:11,120 --> 00:55:05,520
how in the world that wind up there well

932
00:55:16,150 --> 00:55:14,630
[Music]

933
00:55:17,990 --> 00:55:16,160
we're going to fly now into a spot on

934
00:55:19,990 --> 00:55:18,000
the near side to look at this weird

935
00:55:22,630 --> 00:55:20,000
feature which has long defied an easy

936
00:55:24,549 --> 00:55:22,640
explanation it's known as reiner gamma

937
00:55:25,910 --> 00:55:24,559
those squiggles and swirls sure are

938
00:55:27,750 --> 00:55:25,920
bizarre

939
00:55:29,589 --> 00:55:27,760
a combination of computer modeling and

940
00:55:31,349 --> 00:55:29,599
data gathered from numerous recent lunar

941
00:55:33,430 --> 00:55:31,359
missions including lunar reconnaissance

942
00:55:35,589 --> 00:55:33,440
orbiter now sheds light on the origin of

943
00:55:37,750 --> 00:55:35,599
these unusual surface decorations which

944
00:55:39,589 --> 00:55:37,760
we call lunar swirls now think of it

945
00:55:41,030 --> 00:55:39,599
this way you've probably been told that

946
00:55:42,470 --> 00:55:41,040
when you go outside to put on your

947
00:55:44,069 --> 00:55:42,480
sunscreen

948
00:55:45,829 --> 00:55:44,079
these beautiful swirls are constant

949
00:55:47,030 --> 00:55:45,839
reminders the moon is no different from

950
00:55:50,069 --> 00:55:47,040
you and me

951
00:55:51,510 --> 00:55:50,079
except that it's a moon and we're humans

952
00:55:53,750 --> 00:55:51,520
these swirls are examples of what

953
00:55:56,150 --> 00:55:53,760
happens when the moon applies spf 3

954
00:55:58,789 --> 00:55:56,160
million the moon is constantly bombarded

955
00:56:00,630 --> 00:55:58,799
by radiation of the sun and galaxy as

956
00:56:03,510 --> 00:56:00,640
well as micro meteorites that sand blast

957
00:56:04,789 --> 00:56:03,520
the surface these swirls however show

958
00:56:07,190 --> 00:56:04,799
what happens when the radiation is

959
00:56:08,789 --> 00:56:07,200
blocked from reaching the surface

960
00:56:10,789 --> 00:56:08,799
data suggests that small magnetic

961
00:56:12,630 --> 00:56:10,799
anomalies block radiation from reaching

962
00:56:14,230 --> 00:56:12,640
the surface and therefore prevent the

963
00:56:15,829 --> 00:56:14,240
moon from getting sunburned in these

964
00:56:16,870 --> 00:56:15,839
areas which keep them as bright as they

965
00:56:18,470 --> 00:56:16,880
appear to be

966
00:56:20,630 --> 00:56:18,480
so the next time you put on sunblock to

967
00:56:22,390 --> 00:56:20,640
go lounge outside think of the moon and

968
00:56:23,780 --> 00:56:22,400
how it gets baked in the sun just like

969
00:56:25,589 --> 00:56:23,790
you and me

970
00:56:27,190 --> 00:56:25,599
[Music]

971
00:56:28,870 --> 00:56:27,200
thanks for watching today hopefully this

972
00:56:30,390 --> 00:56:28,880
video taught you more about the moon and

973
00:56:31,750 --> 00:56:30,400
that you aren't left thinking what the

974
00:56:35,109 --> 00:56:31,760
heck was that

975
00:56:38,630 --> 00:56:35,119
i'm noah petro signing off

976
00:56:41,349 --> 00:56:38,640
gascendi is a 110 kilometer diameter

977
00:56:44,870 --> 00:56:41,359
floor fractured crater that lies on the

978
00:56:47,750 --> 00:56:44,880
northern rim of mare humerum it had its

979
00:56:49,030 --> 00:56:47,760
floor pushed up by magma rising from

980
00:56:52,069 --> 00:56:49,040
below

981
00:56:56,590 --> 00:56:52,079
larger telescopes will reveal a network

982
00:57:03,990 --> 00:56:56,600
of fractures across the crater floor

983
00:57:08,230 --> 00:57:06,150
the future of human space exploration is

984
00:57:10,309 --> 00:57:08,240
being driven by what we can discover and

985
00:57:12,230 --> 00:57:10,319
accomplish on the moon

986
00:57:14,549 --> 00:57:12,240
and with nasa's confirmation of ice

987
00:57:16,390 --> 00:57:14,559
existing at the lunar south pole the

988
00:57:19,030 --> 00:57:16,400
critical task of finding and mapping

989
00:57:23,349 --> 00:57:19,040
where water exists what form it is in

990
00:57:26,789 --> 00:57:24,710
leading us on that journey will be

991
00:57:29,829 --> 00:57:26,799
nasa's first mobile robotic mission on

992
00:57:32,630 --> 00:57:29,839
the moon known as viper the volatiles

993
00:57:34,390 --> 00:57:32,640
investigating polar exploration rover it

994
00:57:36,470 --> 00:57:34,400
will be delivered to the nobile region

995
00:57:38,309 --> 00:57:36,480
of the south pole as part of nasa's

996
00:57:39,349 --> 00:57:38,319
commercial lunar payload services

997
00:57:41,030 --> 00:57:39,359
initiative

998
00:57:43,589 --> 00:57:41,040
this region sits just outside the

999
00:57:47,349 --> 00:57:43,599
western rim of nobile crater and covers

1000
00:57:49,109 --> 00:57:47,359
an area of 36 square miles

1001
00:57:50,549 --> 00:57:49,119
as the first ever resource mapping

1002
00:57:51,990 --> 00:57:50,559
mission on the surface of another

1003
00:57:53,750 --> 00:57:52,000
celestial body

1004
00:57:55,349 --> 00:57:53,760
viper will roam the surface equipped

1005
00:57:57,670 --> 00:57:55,359
with three science instruments and a

1006
00:57:59,750 --> 00:57:57,680
drill to detect and analyze various

1007
00:58:02,069 --> 00:57:59,760
lunar soil environments at a range of

1008
00:58:03,829 --> 00:58:02,079
depths and temperatures

1009
00:58:05,670 --> 00:58:03,839
the rover will venture into permanently

1010
00:58:07,829 --> 00:58:05,680
shadowed craters some of the coldest

1011
00:58:09,349 --> 00:58:07,839
spots in the solar system where ice

1012
00:58:15,270 --> 00:58:09,359
reserves have been preserved for

1013
00:58:19,589 --> 00:58:17,349
nasa had four critical parameters when

1014
00:58:21,670 --> 00:58:19,599
choosing a landing site for viper

1015
00:58:23,349 --> 00:58:21,680
available sunlight

1016
00:58:25,190 --> 00:58:23,359
visibility for communications from the

1017
00:58:26,950 --> 00:58:25,200
moon to the earth

1018
00:58:28,789 --> 00:58:26,960
data showing the potential presence of

1019
00:58:30,309 --> 00:58:28,799
water and other resources

1020
00:58:32,090 --> 00:58:30,319
and terrain that is well suited for

1021
00:58:36,390 --> 00:58:32,100
viper to navigate

1022
00:58:38,470 --> 00:58:36,400
[Music]

1023
00:58:43,030 --> 00:58:38,480
the area to the west of nobile crater

1024
00:58:47,990 --> 00:58:45,190
once on the surface viper's mission will

1025
00:58:48,870 --> 00:58:48,000
last 100 days and cover between 10 to 15

1026
00:58:50,470 --> 00:58:48,880
miles

1027
00:58:52,390 --> 00:58:50,480
and while a baseline traversal through

1028
00:58:54,789 --> 00:58:52,400
the nobile region has been identified

1029
00:58:57,030 --> 00:58:54,799
for the rover the scientific discoveries

1030
00:58:58,549 --> 00:58:57,040
viper makes along the way will actually

1031
00:59:01,109 --> 00:58:58,559
influence where the mission team sends

1032
00:59:04,470 --> 00:59:01,119
it next so its planned route will most

1033
00:59:06,630 --> 00:59:04,480
likely change

1034
00:59:08,870 --> 00:59:06,640
during its travels viper will visit at

1035
00:59:15,260 --> 00:59:08,880
least six locations where data suggests

1036
00:59:19,190 --> 00:59:17,349
[Music]

1037
00:59:21,750 --> 00:59:19,200
by helping determine the locations of

1038
00:59:23,510 --> 00:59:21,760
where water and other resources exist

1039
00:59:25,430 --> 00:59:23,520
viper's findings will help pave the way

1040
00:59:27,349 --> 00:59:25,440
for future landing sites under nasa's

1041
00:59:29,270 --> 00:59:27,359
artemis program

1042
00:59:31,589 --> 00:59:29,280
the prospects of achieving a long-term

1043
00:59:45,589 --> 00:59:31,599
human presence on our moon never looks

1044
00:59:49,190 --> 00:59:47,910
hello again now earlier in the broadcast

1045
00:59:51,510 --> 00:59:49,200
we were looking at the moons from the

1046
00:59:55,270 --> 00:59:51,520
canary islands but now we've traveled

1047
00:59:57,030 --> 00:59:55,280
more than 5 500 miles or 8 900

1048
00:59:58,950 --> 00:59:57,040
kilometers from the canary islands to

1049
01:00:00,630 --> 00:59:58,960
light adhesive chili check out the moon

1050
01:00:03,190 --> 01:00:00,640
with slew's chili one wide wheel

1051
01:00:05,589 --> 01:00:03,200
telescope it's amazing to experience the

1052
01:00:07,430 --> 01:00:05,599
same mood from different vantage points

1053
01:00:09,589 --> 01:00:07,440
have you gone outside yet to catch the

1054
01:00:11,510 --> 01:00:09,599
moon in your own eyes make sure you do

1055
01:00:13,670 --> 01:00:11,520
that tonight to add a third vantage

1056
01:00:15,349 --> 01:00:13,680
point to our celebration of the

1057
01:00:18,630 --> 01:00:15,359
international observe the moon night

1058
01:00:20,230 --> 01:00:18,640
2021 thank you so much for life for

1059
01:00:26,789 --> 01:00:20,240
enjoying the live views of our nearest

1060
01:00:31,990 --> 01:00:28,630
now let's take one more look at your

1061
01:00:34,710 --> 01:00:32,000
moon observations andrea what do we have

1062
01:00:36,950 --> 01:00:34,720
oh we have this great view of the moon

1063
01:00:42,390 --> 01:00:36,960
from houston texas it looks like maybe a

1064
01:00:44,870 --> 01:00:42,400
painting i love this moon art thank you

1065
01:00:46,309 --> 01:00:44,880
and next we have some a beautiful artist

1066
01:00:47,829 --> 01:00:46,319
painting showing all the different

1067
01:00:50,630 --> 01:00:47,839
colors of the moon in different

1068
01:00:53,109 --> 01:00:50,640
compositions so thank you so much again

1069
01:00:56,950 --> 01:00:53,119
we love seeing this creativity around

1070
01:00:59,750 --> 01:00:56,960
science and around the moon

1071
01:01:02,230 --> 01:00:59,760
oh and we have moon observations in

1072
01:01:04,230 --> 01:01:02,240
pakistan it's just incredible that

1073
01:01:05,829 --> 01:01:04,240
people around the world right now are

1074
01:01:08,549 --> 01:01:05,839
observing the moon and we've been seeing

1075
01:01:10,870 --> 01:01:08,559
so many more of your moon views and your

1076
01:01:12,870 --> 01:01:10,880
moon observations coming in so follow

1077
01:01:14,470 --> 01:01:12,880
along and see what everyone else is is

1078
01:01:16,789 --> 01:01:14,480
doing around the world right now on that

1079
01:01:19,510 --> 01:01:16,799
hashtag observe the moon it's great to

1080
01:01:20,630 --> 01:01:19,520
to see what you're doing thank you

1081
01:01:24,549 --> 01:01:20,640
all right

1082
01:01:26,549 --> 01:01:24,559
so i think we're wrapping up here this

1083
01:01:28,549 --> 01:01:26,559
has been such a pleasure i hope those of

1084
01:01:30,390 --> 01:01:28,559
you who are able to do so go out and

1085
01:01:32,150 --> 01:01:30,400
look at the moon tonight from wherever

1086
01:01:34,710 --> 01:01:32,160
you are knowing that people around the

1087
01:01:36,549 --> 01:01:34,720
world are observing with you

1088
01:01:38,470 --> 01:01:36,559
and keep letting us know keep letting

1089
01:01:40,549 --> 01:01:38,480
each other know how you are

1090
01:01:42,789 --> 01:01:40,559
participating again using that hashtag

1091
01:01:44,950 --> 01:01:42,799
observe the moon and you can still add

1092
01:01:47,030 --> 01:01:44,960
yourself to the map of lunar observers

1093
01:01:49,349 --> 01:01:47,040
around the world and you can share your

1094
01:01:51,109 --> 01:01:49,359
feedback with us about this broadcast

1095
01:01:53,270 --> 01:01:51,119
and about international observe the moon

1096
01:01:56,069 --> 01:01:53,280
night so we can keep making the program

1097
01:01:58,069 --> 01:01:56,079
better year after year on our website

1098
01:01:59,990 --> 01:01:58,079
which is moon.nasa.gov

1099
01:02:02,630 --> 01:02:00,000
observe and we also want to take a

1100
01:02:04,390 --> 01:02:02,640
minute to congratulate another team

1101
01:02:07,190 --> 01:02:04,400
there's another great planetary event

1102
01:02:09,349 --> 01:02:07,200
today the lucy mission launched

1103
01:02:12,309 --> 01:02:09,359
successfully this morning and it is now

1104
01:02:14,069 --> 01:02:12,319
off to explore the trojan asteroids it's

1105
01:02:16,230 --> 01:02:14,079
going to help us better understand our

1106
01:02:18,230 --> 01:02:16,240
solar system origins so we hope you

1107
01:02:20,549 --> 01:02:18,240
follow along with that mission we hope

1108
01:02:23,910 --> 01:02:20,559
that you continue observing the moon the

1109
01:02:25,750 --> 01:02:23,920
skies the stars and the world around you

1110
01:02:27,910 --> 01:02:25,760
and we're really really happy that you

1111
01:02:29,750 --> 01:02:27,920
were able to be here with us tonight

1112
01:02:31,270 --> 01:02:29,760
thanks so much for joining us and we

1113
01:02:32,870 --> 01:02:31,280
hope you have a great rest of your

1114
01:02:35,450 --> 01:02:32,880
international observe the moon night

1115
01:02:46,840 --> 01:02:35,460
adios goodbye

1116
01:02:46,850 --> 01:02:51,990
[Music]

1117
01:05:56,900 --> 01:02:53,240
so

1118
01:06:44,870 --> 01:06:20,430
[Music]

1119
01:06:48,789 --> 01:06:46,870
hey everybody this is beck and i'm a

1120
01:06:51,910 --> 01:06:48,799
maker of music

1121
01:06:53,430 --> 01:06:51,920
and like the great sun raw said space is

1122
01:06:55,829 --> 01:06:53,440
the place

1123
01:06:59,109 --> 01:06:55,839
and i'm farah i work at nasa and i use

1124
01:07:00,710 --> 01:06:59,119
ai to explore mars and i brought a few

1125
01:07:02,710 --> 01:07:00,720
friends along who knows something about

1126
01:07:03,990 --> 01:07:02,720
artificial intelligence